AD HOC DELEGATION TO INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR (Abril 2000)
AD HOC DELEGATION TO
15-21 April 2000
Report by Mr José Pacheco Pereira, Chairman of the Delegation
The European Parliament on 18 November 1999 adopted a Resolution on East Timor[1] instructing its President to set up a EP Delegation, in cooperation with the relevant EP Committees and Delegations, to visit the
- Messrs Luis Marinho and José Pacheco Pereira, Vice Presidents;
- a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, CSDP;
- the Chairman of the Delegation for relations with the Member States of Asean, South-east Asia and the
- a member of the Committee on Development and Cooperation;
- a member of the Committee on Budgets.
The ad hoc Delegation held its constitutive meeting on 19 January 2000, elected Mr José Pacheco Pereira as its Chairman and defined its mandate as follows:
In Indonesia, the delegation will have to meet with the political leadership to assess internal developments and also discuss future relations with E. Timor.
In E. Timor, it will have to assess the overall situation, including refugee camps in W. Timor, and report back to European Parliament Committees, making suggestions for the consolidation of a democratic society and the return to normality in the country.
The ad hoc Delegation visited Indonesia and East Timor from 16 to 21 April 2000 with the following composition: Mr José PACHECO PEREIRA, Chairman, Mr Luis MARINHO, Vice President, Mr Carlos COSTA NEVES, Vice Chairman of the Asean Delegation, Mr Joaquim MIRANDA, Chairman of the Development Committee, Mr Joan COLOM I NAVAL, Vice President, member of the Committee on Budgets, Mr Toine MANDERS replacing Mr Bertel Haarder member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
2. Briefing by the Presidency and the Commission
(Sunday, 16 April 2000)
The briefing by EU ambassador Schmallenbach and Anna Gomez, Portuguese chargé d’affaires for the Presidency, focused on developments in
On Indonesia
They pointed at the successful handling of internal tensions by President Wahid but underlined also the strong reaction by those whose vested interests are threatened. Indonesians enjoy freedom of press and of expression which is the most stunning achievement, considering the Soeharto legacy a few months ago. Vice-President Megawati has a very good working relationship with the president and her party emerged as the strongest political force with 36% of the votes cast in the June 1999 elections.
A main challenge for the government is the reform of the judicial system, which is crucial for the political and economic modernisation of the country. Islamic militantism in the country is not to be compared with that of the
The EU is the second trade partner and the biggest investor in
Other priority areas for development policies, agreed with the EU, focus on the needs of vulnerable groups, poverty alleviation at both urban and rural settings, sustainable water resources management. New areas of co-operation have been proposed targeting institutions building (government sector, private sector and NGOs), good governance and the rule of law, human resources development. The importance of the latter was particularly stressed as the most appropriate area for a long-term impact by the EU.
On East Timor
The president of
The speakers pointed out that the economic development of East Timor is linked to that of
ECHO is present in E.T. through various NGOs that are active mainly in the public health area where demands are enormous. They helped built an interim heath authority, formed under the umbrella of the UNTAET, which is staffed by 16 Timorese. The EU is also instrumental in developing appropriate standards for the health system in E.T. which are supported by ECHO. The emphasis of assistance is now shifting towards the provision of basic packages of services.
Regarding the refugee camps in
The restitution of public archives and of property titles taken by
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Joan Colom i Naval, Joaquim Miranda Toine Manders, Carlos Costa Neves and Luis Marinho.
3. Meetings in
(Monday, Tuesday, 17 - 18 April 2000)
3.1. Megawati Soekarnoputri, Vice-President
The Vice-President stressed that the main problem regarding
Referring to internal events in
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Luis Marinho, and Joan Colom i Naval.
Members stressed that the EP would be examining the possibility of further financial assistance to both parts of Timor and also ways to develop cooperation between the EU and
3.2 Akbar Tanjung, Speaker of the House of Representatives
The Speaker gave a presentation on efforts to strengthen democracy in
On the issue of E.T., he stressed the fact that the House of Representatives recognised the result of the popular consultation and pledged to support efforts to repatriate those who want to return to E.T. He insisted, nevertheless, that an equal chance should be offered to those who want to resettle elsewhere in
Referring to the problem of entitlements by former public servants in E.T. he stressed that, according to Indonesian law, those who leave the country lose their entitlements and pension rights. Regarding the number of scholarships, that
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Luis Marinho, Joaquim Miranda, Joan Colom i Naval and Carlos Costa Neves.
The Members highlighted the mandate of the EP’s Ad Hoc Delegation, stressing the importance of the assessment they would make on the democratic evolution in
On E.T., the Members stressed the problem of refugees and put particular emphasis to the thorny issue of pension entitlements who have to be guaranteed, if the return of refugees to ET is to be accelerated. They pledged to consider the possibility of financial assistance for the repatriation and resettlement of refugees in both East Timor and elsewhere in
3.3. Witoelar, Minister of Settlement and Territorial Development
The Minister explained the involvement of NGOs in the field of social policy in
Referring to the refugees in
The Minister closed the meeting observing that the problems of W. and E. Timor are much smaller than the issue of fighting poverty in the whole of
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Joan Colom i Naval, Luis Marinho, Toine Manders and Joaquim Miranda.
The Members stressed the importance the EP attaches to the peaceful transition to democracy in
3.4. Amin Rais, Speaker of the People’s Consultative Assembly
Referring to the role of the Assembly, the Speaker stressed its three main tasks, namely, to adopt the policy guidelines, the right to amend the Constitution and to elect the President and the Vice-President. The Assembly has an annual session and every 3 years it evaluates the performance of the government. On developments in
He acknowledged that political leaders underestimated the complexity of the problems facing the country and he paid tribute to the role of former President Habibie, whom he qualified as “the father of our democracy”. Mr Habibie freed all political prisoners and established the freedom of the press. The transition to democracy has been very difficult because of the economic situation in a country with 38 million persons unemployed. The problems of Corruption, Cronyism and Nepotism (known as KKN) are still present and the executive is creating many unnecessary problems due to its inexperience. To overcome the problems accumulated over the past 30 years
The Speaker expressed doubts on whether the government would survive for the full term of five years, as the people are disillusioned with it. He criticised President Wahid, considering his behaviour to be “whimsical and to make unwise statements”, mentioning as an example his proposal to lift the ban on the Communist party. He opposed this proposal for the time being, alleging that giving legitimacy to this party will open old wounds and lead to a fight with the Muslim groups, thus undermining the fragile stability and prospects of economic development. Referring to the proposal for the direct election of the President, he observed that the three main parties are in favour and that Mrs Megawati’s party is reconsidering its initial rejection of the proposal.
Referring to the role of the military, he expressed relief at the smooth “domestication” of the military who have accepted their new role, limited to security and defence issues and the abolition of their involvement in politics, which was enshrined in the Constitution. On the investigation of human rights violations in E. T., he referred to a letter by Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations, expressing the hope that an International Tribunal will not be necessary, provided that
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Carlos Costa Neves, Joaquim Miranda, Luis Marinho, Toine Manders and Joan Colom i Naval.
The Members inquired about the role of the military in the country and the investigation of crimes committed in E. Timor. They also received specific assurance that those responsible for the murder of Dutch journalist Sander Thoenes (working for the Financial Times in
3.5. Basri Hasanuddin, Minister for People’s Welfare and Poverty Eradication
The Minister is responsible for the implementation and coordination of poverty alleviation programmes and displaced persons. He referred to the overall problem of refugees in the country who total 600.000. About a sixth of them is located in the Nusa Tengara Timur (NTT) province, which includes W. Timor. The Minister stressed the distribution of humanitarian assistance from early September 1999 to the end of March 2000, when the government decided to stop the supply of food which has been taken over by the UNHCR and the WFP. The government has now launched a census of refugees in the camps in W.Timor, to be completed in April, on their number, family status, profession and wishes regarding repatriation or resettlement. The government agreed to a transitional period until the end of June for the repatriation and resettlement of refugees. The repatriation of refugees will take place in cooperation with the UNHCR and the government will provide economic assistance and land to those who decide to remain in
Referring to poverty situation he observed that the economic crisis drastically cut disposable income and at present 33 million people live under the poverty line. In 1998 GDP decreased by 18% but in 1999 it increased by 0.3% and in 2000 it is expected to reach about 3%, provided there is political stability. Poverty alleviation measures follow three main strategies, focused on assisting the poor from an income perspective, providing micro-credits and supporting environmental development. Programs address the existence of three main poverty pockets, in the coastal, urban and less developed rural areas. The UNDP is helping with the coordination of poverty alleviation programs, but the Indonesian Red Cross coordinates humanitarian relief.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Joan Colom i Naval, Joaquim Miranda, Carlos Costa Neves and Toine Manders.
Members insisted on the importance of efforts to consolidate the process of democratisation, and inquired about measures taken by the government to facilitate repatriation and resettlement of refugees in W. Timor. They acknowledged the financial burden involved in this, stressed the important role the EP plays in the provision of economic assistance to democratic countries and accepted to consider the possibility of financial help for the resettlement of refugees.
3.6. Judowono Sudarsono, Minister of Defence
The meeting with the first-ever civilian minister of defence in
On the consolidation of democracy, he observed that
On
Questioned on the position of former general Wiranto, he stated that the general is willing to be investigated by the National Commission on human rights violations in E. T. He observed that
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira and Joan Colom i Naval.
Members inquired about the difficulties of converting the army into a democratically accountable force. They expressed concern for the presence of ex-TNI in the camps and stressed that for the EP to support resettlement efforts it will have to make sure that refugees are really free to decide on their future.
3.7. Abdurrahman Wahid, President
The President referred to his recent official visit, early February, to the European Commission in
He informed Members that at the cabinet meeting, scheduled for the following day, the issue of E.T. would be discussed, with particular emphasis on measures aimed at solving the refugee problem in the camps of W.T. He announced that at his recent trip in
The discussion on the situation in
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira and Joan Colom i Naval.
Members expressed their appreciation for the President's role in strengthening the process of democratisation and ensuring civilian control over the military establishment. They also expressed the willingness to develop good relations with a “strong and peaceful
4. Meetings in Kupang
(Tuesday, 18 April 2000)
4.1. Piet Tallo, Governor of
The Delegation met with the Indonesian Governor of
The Governor received the Delegation in the presence of senior officials and commanding officers of TNI and police force in W.T. and expressed his appreciation for the EP Delegation’s visit. The meeting focused on the problem of the remaining refugees in W. Timor, the number of which, according to Governor TALLO, is about 104.000. He assured the Delegation of
4.2. Visit to the camps
The visit to two refugee camps near Kupang (Noelbaki and Tuapukan) demonstrated the harsh living conditions, in particular the lack of hygiene and the despondency of the people living there, in spite of the formidable effort by several NGOs working in adverse conditions. The Members of the Delegation spoke with some refugees, who were able to converse in Portuguese, about their situation and their ability to decide freely for their future. The Delegation was later informed that the bulk of refugees in these two camps was ex-TNI and police officers, who did not appreciate the supervision of their camps by the UNHCR. As a matter of fact, UNHCR’s presence was only possible under Indonesian military protection. The atmosphere of pro-Indonesian partisans was evident as many dressed in military fatigues.
The UN representatives informed the Delegation that the repatriation of refugees takes place in either family or village groups and on a voluntary basis only. Given that many have lost their houses together with their belongings, it is not easy for them to decide of their return to E. Timor without some assurances about their future. In this context, the closure of the camps, as originally announced by the Indonesian government for 31st March, would have exacerbated the humanitarian dimension of the refugee problem. The three-month moratorium provides a reasonable time frame for the solution of this problem.
The following took the floor: Luis Marinho, Toine Manders, Joaquim Miranda and Carlos Costa Neves.
5. Meetings in Dili
(Wednesday, 19 April 2000)
5.1. Bishop Felipe Ximenez Belo
Bishop Belo thanked, in the name of the Timorese people, the European parliament for supporting their struggle for freedom. He welcomed the setting up of new institutions by UNTAET and the newly acquired rights of free speech and organisation. He, nevertheless, stressed the importance for local people to be involved by UNAET in the administration of structures set in place. The Bishop informed the Delegation that there are still many poor people who suffer from the lack food and medicine and pointed at the absence of public transportation, which exacerbates these problems. During the meeting he hinted at the important role he played in the past, but he felt that it was appropriate for the leadership of CNRT to fully assume its political role and the Church to confine itself to its pastoral role. Referring to the return of refugees, he insisted that the Church has underlined that all people have the right to return to E. Timor, “especially those who did not commit crimes”. He acknowledged, nevertheless, that “some intimidation is taking place”, in particular by young people.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Joan Colom i Naval and Luis Marinho.
Members referred to the harsh conditions in the camps in W.T. and the campaign of disinformation regarding the situation in E.T. They also inquired about efforts of reconciliation with those who where pro-Indonesia.
5.2. Catherine Walker, Head of Donor Coordination Unit
Mrs Walker informed the Delegation that the donor coordination unit was established in February 2000 and has a staff of three. Donors have pledged $129 mio US for the humanitarian relief effort, of which $ 112 mio
UNTAET’s Trust Fund is administered according to UN financial regulations, cleared through
The coordination of NGOs takes place under the umbrella of an association for humanitarian relief efforts and NGOs would continue to be the main health providers, while the basis of a national health system is being put in place. She reported that the limited facilities of the Dili port have led to congestion and have delayed progress in the implementation of the shelter programme (distribution of building materials and provision of permanent housing) carried out by the UNHCR.
The following took the floor: Joan Colom i Naval and Joaquim Miranda.
Members inquired about the EU’s contribution and the implementation of the budget. They also discussed the implementation of the humanitarian relief efforts.
5.3. J.C. Cady, Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General of the UN
In the absence of the Mr Sergio Vieira De Mello, UN Administrator for E.T., the Delegation was briefed by his deputy, Mr Cady on the three components of the mandate received by UNTAET. These refer to responsibility for the security of the territory, the restoration of basic services and the establishment of the new institutions. He stressed the different nature of this mandate from previous ones, as the UN has assumed the responsibility of preparing the territory to achieve independence. He pointed out that the level of destruction reached 80% of the stock of houses and infrastructure and 300.000 persons became refugees out of a population of 800.000. The overall amount of pledges by donors for E.T. stands at $ 523 mio US and this includes, humanitarian assistance, UNTAET’s and World Bank’s Trust Funds.
At the moment UNTAET concentrates on the following priorities:
- achieving food sufficiency (assistance in mechanisation, provision of seeds etc);
- providing health assistance (there are many cases of Malaria, Encephalitis and some of Dengue fever);
- providing education (more than 40% of the population is illiterate);
- restoring infrastructure (especially roads, telecommunications as most of the territory is not covered and improvement of the Dili port);
- securing law and order (recruitment and training of 3.000 locals for police duties, recruitment of judges, building a penitentiary);
- employment creation (supported by the program of public works);
- implementing a monetary policy (the banking system has just begun to operate, but the people use the Indonesian Rupia, although the US dollar is the provisional currency for the territory).
Reference was made to the language problem. In the past, education was provided in Bahasa, and scholarships were offered for study in
UNTAET has set up a National Consultative Council of 15 members to provide advice to the Transitional Administration on “all matters related to the exercise of the Transitional Administrator’s executive and legislative functions”. The Council is the primary mechanism through which the representatives of the people of E.T. participate in the decision making process during the period of the UN administration. In the Council sit seven representatives of the National Council of E.T. Resistance (CNRT), three E.T. from other political groups which existed before 30 August 1999 but are not represented by CNRT and one representative of the Roman Catholic Church of E.T. The Council is chaired by the Transitional Administrator and UNTAET occupies the remaining three seats.
Following a proposal by the Council, UNTAET is in the process of recruiting Timorese deputy directors for all its departments. In spite of these efforts, the deputy Administrator acknowledged the existence of a “communication” problem between UNTAET and the local political leadership. To address this issue, UNTAET is establishing District Advisory Councils, to liaise with the local population and will start recruiting Timorese deputies for all of the 13 geographical districts in E.T.
Referring to efforts undertaken for the return of refugees, Me Cady stressed that the UN helped about 157.000 persons to return and estimated that there would be another17-18.000 refugees, currently in W.T., who would wish to return. He pointed that all people who lived in E.T. have the right to return, however UNTAET has to make sure that the link with militias is permanently cut. For those persons who where pro-Indonesia, additional measures are taken involving consultations with the CNRT, local leaders and the Church, in order to guarantee their safe return. In this framework, a network of safe houses has been established for their temporary shelter and reconciliation meetings are arranged. In case these meetings do not yield positive results and as a last solution, they are relocated to other areas of E.T.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Carlos Costa Neves, Luis Marinho and Toine Manders.
Members inquired about the involvement of existing legitimate Timorese political structures in the administration of the territory, priorities set by UNTAET for the reconstruction and the repatriation of refugees.
5.4. David Haeri, Assistant Director for Political Affairs
Mr Haeri, briefed Members on the task of the Political Affairs Unit which operates as a small Foreign Service and advisor to the Permanent Representative. Referring to developments in the field of external relations, he qualified as “very important” what has been achieved so far for the normalisation of relations with
A Memorandum of Understanding on the tactical arrangements along the border has also been signed with
The following took the floor: Carlos Costa Neves and Toine Manders
5.5. Tony Lapsley, Deputy Director for Civil Service, Irene-Maria Eich, Special Assistant and
Serge Verniau, Head of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment
The briefings focused on the establishment plan of UNTAET (see annex). The long-term structure of the civil administration will be prepared in consultation with the CNRT. The Policy Planning Unit liaises with the CNRT, NGOs and the Church on this issue while the Civil Registry Unit has the huge task of creating a civil registry from scratch, issuing identity cards and vehicle registration. There is a staff of 35 UN and 19 Timorese involved in this task. In the near future, the direction of the department will be taken over by the deputy, who is a Timorese. Overall the public administration, there are 3.995 Timorese employed and125 power workers. The employment process is transparent but as the private sector has been destroyed, employment creation does not cover demand for jobs.
The Department of Agriculture liaises closely with the E.T. leadership and as a consequence of these discussions, it was decided that agriculture should be run by the private sector. Of immediate concern is the restoration and development of the irrigation network. Priority has been given to growing rice and coffee (a traditional product of E.T.) of the arabica variety which commands a higher price in the market, as well as corn. Those farmers who live in the mountains will grow maize, as they do not eat rice. The need to obtain copies of the archives on land ownership and on forestry from the Indonesians is considered of vital importance, assuming that these have not been destroyed. The alternative, partial, solution would be to consult archives of photos taken with remote sensing imagery. It was reported that the entire livestock was killed either by the farmers themselves or the militia. Consequently, the introduction of farm animals is a priority and the World Bank has provided funding for the acquisition of 1.000 water buffaloes, to be distributed among the local communities.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Joaquim Miranda and Carlos Costa Neves.
5.6. Sara Cliffe, Head of the World Bank Office in E.T.
Mrs Cliffe, highlighted the differences between the UNTAET Trust Fund (TF), which is covering the running costs of the administration of the territory and the World Bank TF, which is oriented towards reconstruction and development. The World Bank TF was established following the 17 December 1999 Tokyo Donors’ Meeting and is managed in cooperation with the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The ADB leads on rehabilitation of roads, ports, transportation, water, telecommunications and power, while the WB prepares projects in the areas of health, education, agriculture, irrigation, support to SMEs and economic capacity building. The National Consultative Council agrees the prioritisation of programmes and the agriculture programme is implemented in cooperation between UNTAET and the Timorese. The implementation of projects that require bidding takes two months, between the biding and the award of the bid. It is expected that all of the projects given priority will be running as of July 2000. Mrs Cliffe pointed out that the European Commission had not yet paid its contribution to the TF, which is now foreseen in May 2000.
The following took the floor: Joan Colom i Naval Joaquim Miranda Toine Manders
5.7. Major Gen. Mike SMITH, Deputy Commander of Peace Keeping Force
The General pointed out that the transition from INTERFET to UNTAET Peace Keeping occurred on 23 February 2000. The territory has been divided into three sectors and the Oekussi enclave. The western sector is under Australian command, while the central sector is under Portuguese command. In the Oekussi enclave is stationed the Jordanian battalion. Throughout the three sectors are spread UN observers who liaise with Falantil[3]. The bulk of the armoured presence is near the border and the PKF has established liaisons in Denpasar (Bali) and Kupang (W.T.).
There are two aspects to the PKF mission. The first concerns border security and is oriented towards averting militia attacks. For this purpose, an agreement was signed with Indonesia and there are frequent meetings between the PKF and the TNI (Indonesian Military). Reporting on the overall situation, the General stressed that there were three separate shooting incidents and also infiltrations from W.T. in early March. Although infiltration by the militia may continue, he expressed confidence that it would be without success, as militia do not enjoy the support of the population. He pointed out that there has to be a political agreement on the border, which at the moment is a tactical border.
The second aspect of its mission is oriented towards law enforcement. To this respect, he observed that the absence of a judicial system and a strong civilian police presents a problem. He pointed out that the PKF expects to start a progressive hand-over of its responsibilities to local authorities starting in July 2000 form the eastern sector.
Referring to the Falantil, the General observed that there is no formal relation between Falantil and the PKF. The former is contained in the Aileu area (central sector) and is not allowed to carry arms outside its compound. The UN Administrator has not yet determined the future of Falantil. UNTAET and Falantil have engaged in discussions and a study group has been established. Xanana Gusmao wishes to integrate the Falantil in the defence forces of E.T., which they expect to be a professional, apolitical force, without any involvement in internal security tasks. The CNRT has agreed to an independent study on the strategic rational of the future force.
The General observed that cooperation with TNI is improving and he feels “very positive” due to the support of the President Wahid, the Minister of Defence and of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. A formal mechanism of consultations has been established every two weeks at commander’s level. On daily basis, contacts occur even at platoon commander’s level. Referring to militia he observed that the degree of support by the TNI is unknown. Nevertheless, it is certain that they receive support from someone and their leaders are free to circulate in W.T. He mentioned, however, that there have been instances where the TNI has arrested militiamen and confiscated their arms.
The following took the floor: Luis Marinho and José Pacheco Pereira.
5.8. Sidney Jones, Director for Human Rights
Mrs Jones reported that there are over 300 open cases for 677 murder victims in the course of 1999. Only two cases involve rape but it is suspected that there were many more cases that have not been reported. Civilian police has a database with names of the suspects and all of the people named are the direct perpetrators of the crimes. UNTAET continues the investigations together with Civilian Police and human rights organisations. The Indonesian law is the applicable law in the territory with the exception of human rights violations. There is no penal code under which to bring to trial these cases and UNTAET had to train sixteen Timorese judges and ten prosecutors, most of who have no practical experience. The idea of a special panel of international judges has been floated, but it is not clear if these cases have to be considered as simple murder cases or human rights crimes. It is expected that the first trials will start by June. The Memorandum of Understanding signed with Indonesia provides for cooperation in the proceedings and witness protection.
Mrs Jones observed that there is strong support from the Indonesian President on these issues. UNTAET has to avoid popular justice with people taking the law into their hands. There have been attacks, initially against Muslims and Protestants, but recently also against ethnic Chinese. The local communities do not take well the return of ethnic Chinese, althought CNRT is keen on securing their return. At the same time, there are 265 Muslims living in the Dili Mosque and in December 1999, another 64 people came back and joined their relatives. The E. Timorese suspect that they were cooperating with Indonesians and the CNRT has asked that each one of them be screened, to determine whether they were living there and if they were responsible of crimes. These Muslims are virtually under siege and they have been subject to harassment and threats.
Mr José Pacheco Pereira took the floor. He observed that Timorese of Chinese ethnic origin have been present in E.T. for a long time. He also proposed for some Members of the Delegation to visit the Dili Mosque and meet with the Imam.
5.9. Akira Takahashi, Director UNTAET Humanitarian Assistance
Members where briefed on the humanitarian situation. Out of a population of 800.000 in E.T. over 250.000 persons fled to W.T. As per 31 March 2000, the total number of 158.667 refugees has repatriated to E.T. and there are still about 90.000 persons in W.T. According to the UNHCR, up to 50.000 may want to return in E.T. but the rest would prefer to remain in Indonesia. Those who have worked for the Indonesia government, the TNI or the Police are afraid to return. The repatriation process has ebbed and the remaining refugees will only return gradually. The General Food Distribution Programme put in place by UNTAET is now targeted to the most vulnerable. The Programme also distributes seeds of rice, maize and corn, as it seems that local production would only cover 30% of needs. As E.T. was not self-sufficient in food even before the crisis, it is foreseen that the food aid programme would have to continue over the next two-three years. Regarding the shelter situation, UNTAET set a target of providing 35.000 units during this year. However, there is a delay of almost six months, as during the first three months only 5.000 units where provided. 18 NGOs carry out most of other humanitarian activities and the EU is wholly funding the health unit in Suai. The various UNTAET departments will have also to carry out the training of human resources in order to move from the emergency to the development phase.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira and Toine Manders.
6. Meetings in Suai and Los Palos
(Thursday, 20 April 2000)
6.1. Suai
The Delegation witnessed the total destruction of all houses and public buildings in the town of Suai. Very few houses had a restored roof, although a lot of refugees from that area have returned. The Delegation met jointly the local UNTAET administration and CNRT representatives. It was informed that about 12.000 persons from the wider area, who were mostly pro-Indonesia, remain in W.T. Reconciliation meetings have been organised between civilians and UNTAET is also trying to organise visits to the camps by groups of locals and NGOs, to provide information and assurances to refugees wishing to return. Civilian Police reported no trouble in the area.
The CNRT representatives reported the scarce assistance for the reconstruction of houses and the lack of income due to problems with the crops and the lack of adequate transportation. NGOs are offering now help providing construction materials (zinc, timber and sacs of cement) to the locals who carry out the repair work themselves. Referring to education, they observed that there are neither schools nor books and classes are held under trees but have to stop at 10.00 am because of the heat. Concerning public health, the situation was qualified as “good” and tribute was paid to the work of Medecins du Monde (MdM) who are now planning to set up a mobile clinic. The local community lamented the absence of a health facility and of related medical equipment.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Carlos Costa Neves, Joan Colom i Naval, Toine Manders and Luis Marinho.
6.2. Los Palos
In Los Palos the Delegation was not able to meet with local CNRT representatives. The UNTAET administrator reported that the hospital is the main EU funded project in the region. The most pressing problems concern the absence of drinkable water, the number of malaria cases and the bad condition of the road network. Out of a population of 86.000 more than 30.000 fled, but now 18.000 have returned and those remaining in W.T. are mostly former TNI of Timorese origin. Until now, those who return are checked in Dili, civilian police is informed about of their arrival and escorts them to their village, which has also been informed in advance.
The stock of houses in Los Palos was destroyed at 60-70% but assistance is given for the repair of 4.000 homes. Some problems with the supply of cement were reported. In spite of the existence of a port in the district of Los Palos, which could facilitate transport of goods from Surabaya (Indonesia), this facility is not in use. The problem of the drinkable water could be easily solved with the help of some technicians and about $ 3.000 US for buying relevant material.
UNTAET representatives stated that CNRT wishes to be the only liaison between Dili and the districts. They expressed concern that the CNRT Congress, scheduled for later this year, could bring about political conflicts while the territory would still be confronted with a host of serious problems (housing, food, education, health etc).
7. Meetings in Baukau and Dili
(Thursday, 20 April 2000)
7.1. Bishop Basilio do Nascimento
The town of Bakau witnessed far less destruction than any other town in E.T. Bishop Nascimento stressed that the Timorese have the responsibility to decide how to benefit from the UN administration. He underlined that human resources development is the most crucial aspect of the reconstruction effort and observed that the structures to train people have yet to be set up. Another relevant issue is economic development itself, which can be fostered with the creation of big infrastructure namely, airports, harbours, roads etc. To highlight this point he observed that in one of the most prosperous areas in E.T., stretching from Los Palos to Bakau, bananas are thrown to the pigs because they cannot be transported to Dili. The development of infrastructure would also help legitimise UNTAET in the eyes of the people. The local population criticises the slow pace of reconstruction, but UNTAET attributes this delay to the lack of money.
Bishop Nascimento observed that there are no security concerns in the area and stated that reconciliation will be a long process. He explained that there are different groups of refugees, those who fled to save their lives, those who worked in the government and the police force and those who acted criminally. Of these categories only the latter presents a problem, insofar as the judicial system is not yet in place to administer justice according to the law. The bulk of refugees from Bakau, less than 20.000, were men of the militias and only 6.000 have yet to return, however this will be done progressively as reconciliation needs time. Referring to the emergency situation, he observed that there has been an improvement but reported also some problems with the delivery of construction material.
The Bishop hinted at divisions within CNRT on issues discussed with UNTAET and observed that the population is distancing itself from the CNRT, he observed however, that there is no alternative to the CNRT. The emergence of political parties is a natural phenomenon but he criticised the idea of reinstating the old parties (pre-1975). Concerning the Timorese of Chinese origin, he observed that their presence is crucial for the economic revival of Dili. Referring to the situation of the Muslims, many of whom are of Indonesian origin, he stated that they where perceived by the rest of the population as being one with TNI and he deemed that the Bishops will have to take additional steps to help find a solution.
Referring to education, he highlighted the main concern i.e. the lack of teachers, but he was hopeful that with international assistance E.T. would overcome this problem. More complicated is the issue of re-establishing a University in E.T. as the one in Dili was destroyed. He pointed also at the role of the media in informing and educating people, giving the example of the crucial part played by the UNAMET TV channel before the popular consultation of 30 August 1999. Asked about the influence of the Church on reconciliation, he stressed that justice cannot be administered by individuals taking the law in their hands as “violence only breeds violence”.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Luis Marinho, Joaquim Miranda, Carlos Costa Neves and Toine Manders.
Members put emphasis on the process of reconstruction and reconciliation. They expressed also concern for the situation of the Muslims who took refuge in the Dili Mosque and the Chinese minority. The setting up of a judicial system, the choice of the penal code and the legal base for rendering justice for the crimes committed in 1999 was also discussed.
7.2. UNTAET and CNRT
A joint meeting with Ms Sarwar Sultana, the UNTAET Administrator for the district of Bakau and CNRT leadership was organized. The Administrator stressed the two priority aims i.e., the humanitarian assistance and the establishment of future administrative structure and services. In the district of Bakau there was less destruction but about 1.000 homes were nevertheless destroyed, now under reconstruction with UN agencies assistance. The main challenges faced by the Administrator concern the re-establishment of public services and employment creation. At the moment of the visit the district had more than 500 public employees, but without the rebirth of the private sector it will be impossible to tackle the problem of massive unemployment. The power supply was restored in the district but the supply of drinkable water had not resumed.
The Administrator lamented the lack of qualified staff in the local population, as there had been little employment in the past. The Administrator works closely with the CNRT, within the District Council, to identify priorities and to organise a major consultation of all inhabitants of the district on development priorities. Law and order has been restored but for its consolidation it is necessary to establish the judicial process and the police force, for which the recruitment of Timorese is under way.
Mr Eis, representative of the CNRT, referred to past efforts aimed at minimising destruction and suffering. To that end, an agreement was reached between BRTT (militia) and CNRT to avoid open confrontation and accept the Indonesian administrative structure. There was also coordination with the local police, which resulted in convincing even members of the TNI and police force to vote for independence. The result of the popular consultation triggered a conflict between members of the TNI and police force of Timorese origin and those of Indonesian origin. However, there were also Indonesians who cooperated with the CNRT and communication among these forces limited destruction in Bacau.
Referring to reconstruction, he pointed at the good coordination with UNTAET which accepted the presence of a CNRT representative in each administrative sector. The same approach was followed with the various NGOs present in the district. With regard to returning refugees, he stressed that they were accepted back and CNRT liaised to that effect with the Church, UNTAET and UNHCR. He observed that the bad condition of the road network does not allow yet communications with remote villages and the transportation of agricultural products and goods. The schools have not been reconstructed because of the lack of construction material. Although he acknowledged that there is no security problem in the district he welcomed the increase of the police force “to give the sentiment of security to the population”.
7.3. Xanana Gusmao, CNRT President
Delays in the implementation of UNTAET’s mandate were criticised by Xanana Gusmao who stressed the crucial importance of including E. Timorese in the administrative structures that are being established. He characterised as insufficient the presence of a deputy director of Timorese origin in UNTAET’s administrative departments, as he considered that the political government is the responsibility of the Timorese and UNTAET should limit itself to the technical implementation of decisions. He expressed dissatisfaction with the length (6-8 weeks) of tendering procedures of the World Bank which, according to him, should be shortened to 2 weeks. He criticised the slow payment of contributions by donors, which delays the implementation of various projects and called for a “flexible approach” from the donors and involved agencies.
Referring to security issues, he stated that the establishment of an army is part of achieving sovereignty. He has asked UNAET and the PKF to recognise the Falantil, as this was “a liberation army for all Timorese” and to transform it in the armed forces of E.T. He referred to the continuation of militia training to justify the establishment of a small armed force, which would help provide a sense of security to the people. However he acknowledged that Indonesia does not constitute a threat to E.T. but only some fringe elements of the military and politicians “who called for a Jihad”.
Regarding the situation of minorities in E.T., he observed that there were persons of Indonesian origin living in E.T. but hinted that the time was not yet ripe for their return as there is a lot of resentment, especially by the younger part of the population. He explained that if CNRT expressed support for the Muslims in Dili, then “the youth and other people would complain”. He pointed at the fact that CNRT allowed UNTAED to bring back some Indonesians, but observed that without better prospects for employment it would be difficult to continue this process. He stated that the restoration of law and order and employment creation are crucial priorities in this context. He assured Members that those who have illegally occupied houses owned by Muslims will be evicted. Referring to reconciliation, he observed that there is a distinction to be made between those who acted directly, the commanders and the political leaders. He asked for the establishment of a special court in Dili, to administer justice for crimes committed by pro-Indonesian forces. He stated that people are thirsty for justice, “first give justice, then we will forgive”.
Particular reference was made to preparations for establishing political parties. He announced the organisation of a Congress from 20-30 of August 2000 that will help define future political platforms. This is seen as a first step in preparing for the transition to self-government and full independence. In June and July 2000, the CNRT is going to hold workshops on the Constitution, the formation of political parties and other political structures. He criticised the absence of a concrete timetable from UNTAET for the transition to self-rule and stated that the CNRT will have to impose its own timetable for the implementation of UNTAET’s mandate. He brushed away the argument of the lack of qualified human resources, expressing the view that there are “capable people” who could run the administration. He criticised the choice of the dollar as the official provisional currency, explaining that there are no small coins to reflect the purchasing power of local people, hence the Timorese continue to use the Indonesian Rupia. He warned the international community not to content itself with the process of independence for East Timor but to continue its assistance, as the needs are enormous.
The following took the floor: José Pacheco Pereira, Luis Marinho, Joaquim Miranda, Toine Manders and Carlos Costa Neves.
The Delegation delivered a message from President Wahid, relating to his efforts for the establishment of a programme of jointly sponsored scholarships for E. Timorese students with the support of South Africa, Mozambique and Brazil. The Delegation shared concerns expressed on the slow pace of reconstruction and delays in World Bank related projects. Emphasis was also placed on the issue of harassment of ethnic minorities in E.T. and the need for an active stance by CNRT in this matter. The Delegation pointed that cooperation with UNTAET is key for a successful transition and considered that more efforts are needed in some districts.
7.4. The situation of the Muslims in the Dili Mosque
Within the context of its visit in East Timor the Delegation visited the Dili mosque. It met with the Imam and the persons that have taken refuge there. These persons are East Timorese Muslim families and a group of Indonesians who prefer to stay in East Timor. The Delegation was informed that these persons have been the object of continuous harassment and cannot leave the compound of the mosque and return to their homes because of the threats to their life. The delegation deplored this situation which is in contradiction with pledges by the East Timorese leadership for building a democratic and tolerant society, where each Timorese will be free to practice his/her religion. The delegation considered that the rights of all persons in East Timor should be guaranteed, irrespective of their ethnic origin or religion.
8. Conclusions
The ad hoc Delegation having accomplished its mandate, considers that the European Parliament should assure a follow-up, through its competent bodies, on both the process of democratisation in Indonesia and the efforts of reconstruction in East Timor. In the context of its mission, the Delegation draws the following conclusions:
On Indonesia
1. The elections of June 1999 marked a watershed in the process of democratisation, civil liberties and human rights in Indonesia. The political leadership is dedicated to this process and has been successful so far in asserting its control over the military. Nevertheless, it is confronted with a serious economic crisis and its ultimate success will be measured by its ability in addressing the problems of unemployment, poverty and in developing its human resources.
2. Indonesia has also to face up to the Soeharto legacy which prompted ethnic and religious tensions, while building and consolidating democratic institutions and strengthening civil society. The EU has a stake in a democratic, peaceful and prosperous Indonesia, given the importance of the country in the region. It is consequently appropriate that it develops further its relations with Indonesia and examines the contribution it could offer to this end.
3. The political leadership is committed to normalising relations with East Timor, at the same time it wishes a speedy solution to the problem of refugees that creates strains in the political and economic context of West Timor. The EU should examine its participation in the process of repatriation and relocation of refugees in West Timor, as this would also seriously diminish the influence of the militia.
4. Indonesian authorities have the responsibility to conclude a thorough and credible investigation on human rights violations in E. Timor and to bring to justice those responsible for the crimes committed. The EU should monitor closely the work of the Indonesian Investigative Commission and the follow-up on its findings.
On East Timor
5. The magnitude of destruction of houses, public building and infrastructure in the territory is phenomenal. UNTAET in consultation with the CNRT, the Church and NGOs has correctly identified priorities, in order to move the territory from the emergency to the development phase. However, acute shortcomings in the process of reconstruction exist which do not lend themselves to simplistic explanations. Nevertheless, it is obvious that delays in the payment of pledges by donors, nonetheless the EU, have an impact in the pace of reconstruction.
6. The competent bodies of the EP should examine the reasons for delays in the payment of the EU contribution. In addition, the EP should examine the targets of EU assistance and assess its effectiveness. The EP should also explore the possibility of offering additional assistance targeted to human resources development (scholarships, professional training etc).
7. The process of building a democratic, tolerant and prosperous society, guaranteeing respect for human rights, where each Timorese would be free to practice his/her religion is the responsibility of the East Timorese leadership. Reconciliation is a difficult but necessary process and the establishment of a judicial system will act as a catalyst in this context.
| PROGRAMME FOR THE VISIT OF THE AD HOC DELEGATION TO INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR 15 - 21 APRIL 2000 | |||
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| KPS = Kp. Schmallenbach (Head of Representation), APC = A. Crasner (Development Counsellor) | |||
| JV = J. Vargas (ECHO Representative), CSH = Catrin Schulte-Hillen (ECHO Representative) | |||
| MN = M. Neves (Interpreter) | |||
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| TIME | EVENT | VENUE | PARTICIPANTS |
| Sunday, 16th April 2000 | |||
| 18.00 | Briefing by Presidency and Commission | Le Meridien Puri Asri II, 1st floor | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / JV Mrs Gomes (Portuguese Chargé) French Ambassador / Mrs Vasseur |
| 19.30 | Dinner-briefing with Representation of Humanitarian Organisations involved in E.T. refugees questions. | Le Meridien Puri Asri II, 1st floor | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / JV / MN OCHA / ICRC / WFP / UNICEF UNTAET / Mrs Gomes / French Ambassador / Mrs Vasseur/ Mr Knauth |
| Monday, 17th April 2000 | |||
| 07.45 | Depart Hotel | | |
| 08.30 | Stand-by at Vice-President's residence | Jl. Diponegoro, No. 2 | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| 09.00 | Meeting with Vice-President Megawati at her residence | Jl. Diponegoro, No. 2 | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| 10.00 | Meeting with Mr Akbar Tanjung DPR Speaker & Members of Commission I (8 pax) & Head of BKAP | MPR Building Jl Gatot Subroto | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| 11.30 | Meeting with Mrs Witoelar, Minister of Settlement and Territorial Development | Office of Minister Jl Pattimura (ex P.U.) | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| Lunch | Free | | |
| 13.00 | Meeting with Mr Amien Rais MPR Speaker | MPR Building Jl Gatot Subroto | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| 15.00 | Meeting with Mr Basri Hasanuddin, Co-ordinating Minister for People's Welfare and Poverty Eradication | Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No. 3 - Jakarta Pusat | EP-Delegation / KPS / APC / MN |
| 19.30 | Dinner | KPS Residence | |
| Tuesday, 18th April 2000 | |||
| 04.45 | Depart Hotel | | |
| 06.00 | Departure to Kupang (flight MZ8490) | | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| 11.00 | Arrival Kupang | Hotel Kristal Jl. Tim Tim No 59 Tel. (62-380) 825.100 Fax: (62-380) 825.104 | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| 12.00 | Meeting with Mr Piet Tallo, Governor of West Timor | | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| until 16.30 | Visit Refugee Camps (Noelbaki /Tuapukan) | | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| 17.30 | Meeting with UN agencies and ICRC | UNHCR premises | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| 20.00 | Dinner with UN agencies and ICRC | Tanjung Restaurant | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| Tuesday, 18th April 2000 - ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMME for Messrs Pacheco Pereira, Colom i Naval, Konstantopoulos and Smallenbach | |||
| A.M. | Meeting with Mr Juwono Sudarsono, Minister of Defense | | |
| 13.30 | Call on the President of the Republic of Indonesie, H.E. Abdurrahman Wahid | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 17.00 | Depart from Hotel to Airport | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 18.30 | Depart to Singapore by flight SQ 161 | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 21.00 | Arrival in Singapore | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 22.35 | Depart from Singapore to Darwin (QF62) | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| Wednesday, 19th April 2000 - ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMME | |||
| 04.35 | Arrival in Darwin | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 06.30 | Depart Darwin to Dili (flight TL500) | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| 06.45 | Arrival in Dili | | PP / CIN / PK / KPS |
| | Check in Hotel Olympia | Tel.: (67-29) 390.311.225 Fax: (67-29) 390.322.464 | |
| Wednesday, 19th April 2000 | |||
| 05.15 | Check-out Hotel | | |
| 06.30 | Depart to Dili with WFP flight | | EP-Delegation / JV / MN |
| 08.30 | Arrival in Dili | | |
| 09.00 | Check in Hotel Olympia | Tel.: (67-29) 390.311.225 Fax: (67-29) 390.322.464 | |
| 09.20-09.30 | Move to Bishop Belo's residence | | |
| 09.30-10.00 | Meet with Bishop Belo | | |
| 10.00-10.15 | Move to Governor's residence | | |
| 10.15-11.00 | Meet with Mrs Catherine Walker, Donor Coordination Unit | | |
| 11.00-11.45 | Meeting with Mr Jean Christian Cady, Acting SRSG + Cecilio Adorna | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 11.45-12.30 | Meeting with Mr David Haeri, Assistant Director of Political Affairs | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 12.30-13.30 | Lunch at Olympia Hotel | | |
| 13.45-14.15 | Meeting with Mr Tony Lapsley, Deputy Director for Civil Service, and Irene-Maria Eich, Special Assistant | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 14.15-15.25 | Meeting with Serge Verniau, Head Departm. of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 15.30-16.15 | Meeting with Mrs Sarah Cliffe, World Bank | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 16.15-16.30 | Move to Headquarters Peace Keeping Force | | |
| 16.30-17.00 | Meeting with Major General Mike Smith, Deputy Commander Peace Keeping Force | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 17.00-17.15 | Move from Peace Keeping Headquarters to Marcus Compound | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 17.15-17.45 | Meeting with Mrs Sidney Jones, Director for Human Rights | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 18.10-18.15 | Move to OCHA compound | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 18.15-18.45 | Meet with Mr Akira Takahashi at UN Humanitarian Pillar Compound | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 18.45-19.00 | Move from Marcus Compound to Olympia Hotel | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 19.45-20.00 | Move to Oma Motuk | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 20.00-22.30 | Dinner hosted by Mr J.C. Cady, Acting SRSG | Oma Motuk Rest. | |
| Thursday, 20th April 2000 | |||
| 06.15-06.30 | Move to Komoro Airport for manifesting and safety briefing | | |
| 07.00-07.30 | Flight Dili to Suai by WFP helicopter | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 07.30-08.00 | Visit Suai | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 08.00-09.15 | Meeting with UNTAET, CNRT, Partners | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 09.15-10.25 | Move Suai to Los Palos | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 10.25-11.30 | Meeting with UNTAET, CNRT, NGOs | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 11.30-12.00 | Move from Los Palos to Baucau | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 12.30-14.00 | Meeting with Bishop Basilio do Nascimento | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 14.15-15.15 | Meeting UNTAET, CNRT, Partners | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 15.30-16.45 | Flight Baucau to Dili | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 18.00-19.00 | Meeting with Mr Xanana Gusmao | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN / CSH |
| 20.00 | Dinner at Restaurant Maubere | | Dipl.Missions + ICRC |
| Friday, 21st April 2000 | |||
| Morning | Visit to the Dili Mosque | | |
| 12.40 | Departure Dili (flight MZ8490) | | EP-Delegation / KPS / JV / MN |
| 14.35 | Arrival Denpasar | | |
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AD HOC DELEGATION TO INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR
Jakarta, Kupang, Dili
16-21 April 2000
List of participants
Members of EP
Mr José PACHECO PEREIRA, Chairman PPE-DE, Portugal
Vice President of EP
Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee
Mr Joan COLOM I NAVAL PSE, Spain
Vice President of EP
Member of the Budgets Committee
Mr Carlos COSTA NEVES PPE-DE, Portugal
Member of the Committee on Budgets and
the Committee on Women’s Rights
Vice Chairman of the “ASEAN” Delegation
Mr Toine MANDERS ELDR, The Netherlands
Member of the Committee on Legal Affairs
and Internal Market
Mr Luis MARINHO PSE, Portugal
Vice President of EP
Member of the Legal Affairs Committee
Mr Joaquim MIRANDA GUE/NGL, Portugal
Chairman of the Development Committee
Abbreviations
PPE-DE: Group of the European People’s Party (Christian Democratic Group) and European Democrats
PSE: Group of the Party of European Socialists
ELDR : Group of the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party
GUE/NGL: Confederal Group of the European United Left/Nordic Green Left
Secretariat Interparliamentary delegations
Political Groups
Mr Gerd KRAMER, Advisor PSE
European Commission Delegation in Jakarta:
Dr Josep VARGAS, ECHO correspondent
Mrs M. Manuel NEVES, interpreter
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AD HOC DELEGATION
TO INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR
April 16th – 21st, 2000
Jakarta-Kupang-Dili-Suai-Los Palos-Baucau
Press Statement
Meetings in Indonesia revealed the progress achieved in strengthening democracy and respect for human rights
A high level European Parliament (EP) delegation visited Jakarta on 17 and 18 April and held talks with the Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid, Vice President Megawati Soekarnoputri, Ministers Juwono Sudarsono (Defence), Erna Witoelar (Settlement and Territorial Development) and Basri Hasanuddin (People’s Welfare and Poverty Eradication) and the Speakers of the People’s Consultative Assembly and of the House of Representatives, Messrs Amien Rais and Akbar Tanjung, respectively.
The EP delegation headed by Mr Jose Pacheco Pereira, Vice President of the EP and Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, was composed of: Mr Joan Colom i Naval, Vice President of the EP and Member of the Committee on Budgets, Mr Luis Marinho, Vice President of EP and Member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Internal Market, Mr Joaquim Miranda, Chairman of the Development Committee, Mr Carlos Costa Neves, Vice Chairman of the ASEAN Delegation and Member of the Committee on Budgets, and Mr Toine Manders, Member of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Internal Market.
On Tuesday 18 April, the EP delegation was received by President Wahid and discussed the political challenges facing Indonesia. The delegation paid tribute to the crucial role played by the President in strengthening the democratic process. The delegation expressed its strong appreciation for President Wahid’s efforts to promote normal relations between Indonesia and East Timor. In support of these efforts, the delegation will consider proposing appropriate incentives. The delegation also expressed satisfaction for the President’s efforts aimed at reconciliation in the provinces of Maluku and Aceh.
The delegation expressed its appreciation and support for the improvement of the human rights situation in Indonesia and for the strengthening of the process of democratisation. The delegation recognised the economic hardship still facing a large portion of the population and lent its support to the implementation of sound macroeconomic policies aimed at ensuring economic prosperity for all.
The EP delegation expressed the hope that the House of Representatives will take the opportunity of this visit to further develop its contacts with the EP. To this end, it was proposed that the Indonesian Parliamentarians would continue the dialogue with the EP in the framework of interparliamentary meetings already taking place with the delegation for relations with ASEAN countries.
The EP delegation also expressed the hope that Indonesia will continue its co-operation towards a rapid and mutually satisfactory solution to the problem of refugees in West Timor. The EP delegation stated that it would support constructive measures taken by the Indonesian authorities to address the refugee problem. The delegation stressed also that the EP would monitor closely the follow up of the investigation by the Investigative Commission on Human Rights Violations in East Timor.
The delegation reiterated that the promotion of a democratic, stable, peaceful and prosperous Indonesia is of great importance to the international community. In support of this aim, the EP delegation will propose to further European Union development programmes in the areas of human resources development, institution building and good governance, alongside the more traditional areas of EU assistance (sustainable forest management, water resources management and poverty alleviation).
The delegation visited also refugee camps in West Timor (Noelbaki and Tuapukan) and witnessed the difficult living conditions in the camps. However, in view of the unsolved problems linked with the status of ex-military and police as well as former public officials, it urged the Indonesian government to reconsider its decision to press on with the immediate closure of the camps. A 3 months moratorium has been asked by NGOs and the UNHCR.
The visit in East Timor (19-21 April) exposed the drama of the humanitarian situation and delays in the process of reconstruction
In East Timor, the delegation met with the Mr Cady, Acting Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations and other high officials of the UNTAET, Major General Smith, Deputy Commander of the Peace Keeping Force and Mrs Cliffe, representative of the World Bank. From the Timorese side the delegation met with Mr Xanana Gusmão, President of the CNRT, Bishops Belo (Dili) and Nascimento (Bacau) and visited the cities of Dili, Suai, Los Palos and Bacau.
The complexities of the process of building a nation from scratch were sorely exposed during the meetings and visits of the delegation. The involvement of the international community in September 1999 has averted a major humanitarian crisis and allowed the repatriation of more than 160.000 refugees of the 250.000 people who fled or were deported from the territory, following the results of the popular consultation held on 30 August 1999. The delegation pays special tribute to the role of INTERFET in securing the territory from the terror of militias.
The return to “normality” presents UNTAET and the international community with a huge challenge. In spite of efforts undertaken by UNTAET, only the provision of food supplies seems at present guaranteed. The reconstruction of appropriate shelters, provision of adequate health care and establishment of administrative structures, have been seriously delayed by lack of funds and bureaucratic rigidities.
The international community has a responsibility to assist UNTAET to speed up the building of the judicial system, health care and education facilities, basic infrastructures (water, roads, public transportation, telecommunications etc). The delegation considers that particular attention needs to be paid to the development of human resources, if the country is to achieve independence within a reasonable time frame. From its contacts with representatives of the East Timorese people, it emerged clearly that a prolonged administration under a UN-mandate over several years would be contrary to the will expressed by the population to achieve self-government.
The fate of approximately 90.000 refugees in West Timor is a matter of concern to the delegation. Many East Timorese who would like to return are prevented from doing so, mainly due to misinformation and Indonesia’s legal provisions limiting entitlements (pension rights) to nationals living on its soil. The delegation noted the assurances by Indonesian authorities for the removal from the camps of those militia leaders who pressure other refugees to remain there. It also expects that a solution to the problem of entitlements would be found rapidly with UNTAET in the interest of both parties.
At its meeting with Mr Xanana Gusmão, the delegation stressed the EP support for the reconstruction efforts and rebuilding an administration. It relayed a message by President Wahid who discussed with his counterparts of South Africa and Mozambique a scheme providing assistance to East Timor for the development of its human resources. Mr Gusmão expressed dissatisfaction with the pace of reconstruction and urged for more flexibility in the rules applied by donors. He presented CNRT’s plans for the formation of political parties following a Congress to be held in August. He also called for the inclusion of more Timorese in the administrative structures put in place by UNTAET.
Human rights concerns in East Timor
Within the context of its visit in East Timor the delegation of the EP visited the Dili mosque. It met with the Imam and the persons that have taken refuge there. These persons are East Timorese Muslim families and a group of Indonesians who prefer to stay in East Timor.
These persons have been the object of continuous harassment and cannot leave the compound of the mosque and return to their homes because of the threats to their life. The delegation deplores this situation which is in contradiction with pledges by the East Timorese leadership for building a democratic and tolerant society where each Timorese will be free to practice his/her religion.
The delegation raised this issue at its meeting with Xanana Gusmão and will be reporting to the EP about this situation. It will ensure that there is a follow up of developments regarding these persons and of the pledges for human rights for all persons in East Timor irrespective of their ethnic origin or religion.
The delegation will submit shortly a report to the attention of the European Parliament on its contacts in Indonesia and East Timor, making suggestions on ways to strengthen bilateral relations and the process of reconstruction in East Timor.
For more information please contact:
Mr Panos Konstantopoulos
EP Delegations Secretariat
Tel. (02) 284.45.50
Fax. (02) 284.68.31
E-mail. Pkonstantopoulos@europarl.eu.int
posted by JPP at 12:11 da manhã
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